Daily Journal Digest — 2026-07-29¶
過去 24 小時新增：Transplant ID × 29、One Health × 15、Food Security × 15，共 59 篇。
⭐ 今日亮點¶
- Empiric tuberculosis treatment in hospitalised adults with advanced HIV disease in Africa: applying the therapeutic threshold to clinical practice
把延誤治療風險轉成臨床決策框架。 - The Hidden Risk of Toxoplasmosis in the Expanding Immunomodulated Host Population: A Call for Guidelines and Registries in Patients on Biologics, Small Molecules, and Cellular Therapies
提醒 CAR T／biologics 時代的新 OI 盲點。 - From Reactive to Predictive One Health: AI-Enabled Frameworks for Integrated Zoonotic Surveillance and Governance
One Health 從口號走向 AI 預警系統。
🔬 深入評讀¶
Empiric tuberculosis treatment in hospitalised adults with advanced HIV disease in Africa: applying the therapeutic threshold to clinical practice¶
Lancet Infect Dis | IF 27.0 | DOI | PMID 42508442
- 設計：這是 Lancet Infectious Diseases 的臨床評論／觀點文，針對撒哈拉以南非洲 advanced HIV disease 住院成人的 suspected tuberculosis，套用 therapeutic threshold 框架討論何時應先給 empiric antituberculous therapy。
- 樣本：本文不是原始研究，沒有單一樣本數；論證主要來自近年 trials 與 cohort studies，聚焦高死亡風險、診斷確認常延遲或不可得的住院 advanced HIV 族群。
- 關鍵論點：核心論點是這群病人的 tuberculosis 前測機率與未治療死亡風險常高到超過治療閾值，因此短暫延誤 antituberculous therapy 可能帶來實質死亡代價；作者主張選定高風險者可先治療，同步做診斷並結構化重評。
- Limitation：這是以既有證據建構的評論，不是直接比較 empiric therapy 與等待診斷的充分 powered mortality RCT；毒性、drug interactions、過度治療與抗藥性風險仍需要在不同醫療資源情境下被前瞻性驗證。
- Bottom line：Advanced HIV 住院重症病人若 tuberculosis 機率高且診斷延遲，經驗性 antituberculous therapy 應被視為主動救命策略，而不是診斷失敗後的退路。
The Hidden Risk of Toxoplasmosis in the Expanding Immunomodulated Host Population: A Call for Guidelines and Registries in Patients on Biologics, Small Molecules, and Cellular Therapies¶
Pathogens | IF 3.0 | DOI | PMID 42515023
- 設計：這是敘述性綜述與專家建議，來自美國 National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis／Remington Lab，討論 biologics、small molecules、CAR T-cell therapies 與其他 targeted immunotherapy 使用者的 toxoplasmosis 風險。
- 樣本：本文不是系統性回顧，沒有固定納入研究數或 pooled sample；涵蓋 autoimmune、慢性發炎、腫瘤與移植相關免疫調節治療族群，並區分 latent reactivation 與 primary infection。
- 關鍵論點：作者指出 T. gondii 在這個擴大的 immunomodulated host population 中可能造成嚴重甚至致命疾病，建議治療前做 T. gondii serology 篩檢，對 seropositive 者考慮 prophylaxis 或 pre-emptive 策略，並以 T. gondii PCR 或 agnostic mNGS 加速診斷。
- Limitation：主要限制是證據基礎分散且缺乏前瞻性 registry、標準化風險分層與不同藥物類別的絕對風險估計；建議多屬專家判斷，尚未形成正式 guideline 的推薦強度與證據等級。
- Bottom line：在 CAR T、biologics 與 small molecules 擴張後，toxoplasmosis 應納入治療前篩檢、病人衛教、早期分子診斷與預防策略的共同清單。
From Reactive to Predictive One Health: AI-Enabled Frameworks for Integrated Zoonotic Surveillance and Governance¶
Int J Environ Res Public Health | IF 4.0 | DOI | PMID 42512156
- 設計：這是 One Health 與 AI-enabled surveillance 的 perspective，整理十多年研究經驗，並以義大利 brucellosis 再浮現與 2024 年 Salmonella Umbilo outbreak 作為概念案例。
- 樣本：本文不是原始研究，沒有研究族群或追蹤時間；重點是提出 One Health Information System 架構，整合 Earth observation、WGS、livestock mobility 與 geospatial data。
- 關鍵論點：作者主張目前 human、animal、environmental data silo 阻礙即時風險評估，AI-enabled OH-IS 可透過 FAIR data、privacy-preserving architecture 與 automated semantic harmonization，把 zoonotic surveillance 從描述性監測推向 anticipatory surveillance。
- Limitation：這是概念框架，尚未提供前瞻性部署後的 outbreak detection time、false alarm、cost-effectiveness 或 public health outcome 改善資料；跨部門資料治理、標準化、隱私與實作成本仍是主要落地限制。
- Bottom line：對 One Health 與 emerging zoonoses 而言，下一步關鍵不只是更多監測資料，而是能互通、可治理、可預警的 AI-enabled surveillance architecture。
🔴 Transplant & Opportunistic Infections¶
Empiric tuberculosis treatment in hospitalised adults with advanced HIV disease in Africa: applying the therapeutic threshold to clinical practice¶
Authors: Boyles T et al. | Journal: Lancet Infect Dis | Date: 2026 Jul 27
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(26)00351-8 | PMID: 42508442
TL;DR: advanced HIV 住院病人結核病前測機率高且死亡風險大，短暫延誤 antituberculous therapy 可能增加死亡；高風險者可先經驗治療並同步診斷、定期重評。
嘻嘻：HIV 病房裡，時間有時就是最便宜的抗 TB 藥。
Designing CD8 T-cell mRNA vaccines targeting the viral large T antigen to prevent BK polyomavirus disease after kidney transplantation¶
Authors: Wilhelm M et al. | Journal: Am J Transplant | Date: 2026 Jul 27
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2026.07.026 | PMID: 42508646
TL;DR: BKPyV LTag mRNA vaccine 將 695 aa 抗原縮至 <=143 residues、涵蓋 54 HLA alleles；LTAG2/LTag5 可誘發 IFN-γ+ CD8 T-cell 與對 BKPyV 複製細胞的 cytotoxicity。
嘻嘻：mRNA vaccine 開始幫腎移植患者補防線了。
Tracheobronchial invasion by nontuberculous mycobacteria: a rare but overlooked clinical manifestation-a multicenter retrospective analysis¶
Authors: Pan M et al. | Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1872833 | PMID: 42516434
TL;DR: 29 例 tracheobronchial NTM 皆為 disseminated infection，89.7% 初診誤判 tuberculosis 或 malignancy；BALF mNGS 陽性率 100%，優於 culture 46.2%，79.3% 改善或治癒。
嘻嘻：這種 NTM 偽裝術，還好 mNGS 沒被騙太久。
Chalcones as a Versatile Antiviral Scaffold: Molecular Targets, ADMET Profiles, and Translational Challenges¶
Authors: Helena AL et al. | Journal: Viruses | Date: 2026 Jul 22
DOI: 10.3390/v18070806 | PMID: 42515657
TL;DR: chalcones 近 20 年資料顯示可抑制 dengue virus、HIV、HCV、influenza A、SARS-CoV-2 等，作用涵蓋 viral enzymes、entry/replication 與 host pathways，但仍需 ADMET 與結構最佳化。
嘻嘻：chalcones 很會畫大餅，但至少餅看起來不小。
Competitive Fitness of Cytomegalovirus Mutants Bearing Changes in the UL56 Terminase Subunit, Associated with Letermovir-Resistance, in Presence and Absence of Antivirals¶
Authors: Andrei G et al. | Journal: Viruses | Date: 2026 Jul 15
DOI: 10.3390/v18070779 | PMID: 42515631
TL;DR: CMV UL56 C325F 在無 antivirals 時 fitness 接近 wild-type，LMV 壓力下 replication capacity 最高，且可 overgrow 多種 UL54 DNA pol mutants，吻合臨床最常見 LMV-R mutation。
不嘻嘻：CMV 抗藥突變還很健壯，真是會挑難度。
Prevalence and Mortality due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bloodstream Infection in Adults With HIV: A Multicountry Prospective Cohort Study¶
Authors: Sossen B et al. | Journal: Open Forum Infect Dis | Date: 2026 Jul
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofag424 | PMID: 42517150
TL;DR: 7 國 1703 名 HIV 成人中，MTB-BSI 在住院者盛行率 4.4%、確診 TB 住院者 22.5%、門診僅 0.2%；住院 MTB-BSI 30 天死亡 hazard 增 2.65 倍。
不嘻嘻：HIV 病人血中有 TB，預後立刻變硬仗。
Investigation of the Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Potential of Loratadine¶
Authors: Alves SO et al. | Journal: Pathogens | Date: 2026 Jul 22
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens15070773 | PMID: 42515100
TL;DR: loratadine 可濃度依賴抑制 T. gondii tachyzoites，停藥後仍有部分不可逆效果；小鼠急性與慢性感染中延後病程、延長存活並減少 cerebral cyst，但 selectivity index 偏低。
嘻嘻：loratadine 也想兼職抗 T. gondii，履歷挺忙。
Candida Bloodstream Infections in Critically Ill Patients: Changing Species Distribution and Mortality over a Decade in a Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit¶
Authors: Katsiari M et al. | Journal: Pathogens | Date: 2026 Jul 13
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens15070734 | PMID: 42515061
TL;DR: 希臘 ICU 90 例 candidemia 中 NAC 佔優勢，C. parapsilosis 33.7% 且 41.9% fluconazole-resistant；ICU 死亡率 53.3%，死亡未隨 species、治療時點或藥物類別顯著改變。
不嘻嘻：ICU 的 Candida 還是很會把人按在地上。
Unmasking Candida viswanathii in Panel-Negative Candidemia Through Integrated MALDI-TOF MS and FTIR Spectroscopy¶
Authors: Carolis E et al. | Journal: Pathogens | Date: 2026 Jul 09
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens15070724 | PMID: 42515051
TL;DR: 7 株 C. viswanathii 來自 panel-negative candidemia 情境，BCID2 陰性但更新 MALDI-TOF MS、ITS sequencing 與 FTIR 可辨識；echinocandins/amphotericin B MIC 低，fluconazole 2–4 mg/L。
嘻嘻：BCID2 沒看到，不代表 Candida 不在場。
The Hidden Risk of Toxoplasmosis in the Expanding Immunomodulated Host Population: A Call for Guidelines and Registries in Patients on Biologics, Small Molecules, and Cellular Therapies¶
Authors: Montoya JG et al. | Journal: Pathogens | Date: 2026 Jun 30
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens15070696 | PMID: 42515023
TL;DR: targeted immunotherapy、CAR T-cell 等族群的 toxoplasmosis 可由 reactivation 或 primary infection 發生且可致命；建議治療前 T. gondii 篩檢、PCR/mNGS 早診斷與 prophylaxis/pre-emptive 策略。
不嘻嘻：免疫調節越精準，T. gondii 越會鑽空子。
Active Surveillance for Invasive Mold Disease - Four Hospitals, Atlanta, Georgia, 2020-2024¶
Authors: Sajewski ET et al. | Journal: MMWR Surveill Summ | Date: 2026 Jul 30
DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss7505a1 | PMID: 42519973
TL;DR: 亞特蘭大 4 院 2020–2024 主動監測 449 例 IMD，Aspergillus spp. 佔 71%，肺部 68%；90 天死亡率 45%，近期 COVID-19 者 ICU 66%、死亡 66%，且 35% 無典型 MSG host factors。
不嘻嘻：mold 不照課本挑宿主，臨床只好多流汗。
Case Report: Late-onset BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients: two cases and insights into underlying mechanisms¶
Authors: Belčič Mikič T et al. | Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1799421 | PMID: 42519800
TL;DR: 2 例 kidney transplant late-onset BKPyVAN 分別在移植後 9 年與 3 年出現，皆無 intensified immunosuppression；降免疫抑制後仍可持續 1 年並造成 allograft function 下降。
不嘻嘻：BKPyVAN 還會遲到多年，移植門診別太放心。
Cerebral toxoplasmosis: Parasitology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention - a narrative review¶
Authors: Orish VN et al. | Journal: Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100412 | PMID: 42519374
TL;DR: cerebral toxoplasmosis 在 advanced HIV/AIDS 與免疫抑制者仍是重要 opportunistic infection；現有治療抑制 tachyzoite 但無法清除 tissue cyst，需維持治療至 immune recovery。
不嘻嘻：cerebral toxoplasmosis 仍是免疫低下者的老陰影。
Cryptococcal Meningitis Beyond Immunosuppression: A Case Report in an Immunocompetent Individual¶
Authors: Sultan A et al. | Journal: Case Rep Infect Dis | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.1155/crdi/8630525 | PMID: 42518947
TL;DR: 44 歲免疫正常女性 chronic meningitis 初以 tuberculous meningitis 治療無效，CSF India ink 與 fungal culture 確認 Cryptococcus neoformans；liposomal amphotericin B 加 fluconazole 後恢復。
嘻嘻：免疫正常也別大意，CSF 會說真話。
Anomalous Systemic Arterial Supply to the Basal Segment of the Lung Treated With Surgery Versus Transcatheter Embolisation: A Report of Two Cases¶
Authors: Takahashi H et al. | Journal: Respirol Case Rep | Date: 2026 Jul
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.70652 | PMID: 42518687
TL;DR: 2 例 ABLL 顯示治療需依感染與解剖個別化：疑 chronic cavitary aspergillosis 者行 thoracoscopic segmentectomy，另一例因手術較侵入而成功 transcatheter embolisation。
嘻嘻：肺血管怪路線，治療也得看地形走。
Novel Inhibitors Targeting Urease Promote Fungicidal and Antivirulence Effects in Cryptococcus¶
Authors: Barreto TL et al. | Journal: ACS Omega | Date: 2026 Jul 14
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6c03740 | PMID: 42518468
TL;DR: 4 個 urease inhibitors 對 Cryptococcus 具 micro-至 nanomolar fungicidal 與 antivirulence 活性；AF55/AF57 同時抑制 capsule、membrane permeability 與 melanin，為較有前景候選物。
嘻嘻：Cryptococcus 的 urease 看來不是不能打的靶。
Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroids in Tuberculous Meningitis: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression¶
Authors: Younas A et al. | Journal: Brain Behav | Date: 2026 Aug
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.71639 | PMID: 42517870
TL;DR: 11 個 trials、1917 名 TBM 病人中，adjunctive corticosteroids 降低全死亡率 RR 0.84，dexamethasone RR 0.87；HIV-positive subgroup 未顯著獲益，重大不良事件未增加。
嘻嘻：TBM 加 steroid，至少死亡率曲線願意低頭。
Sexual attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge, attitudes, and practices on infectious disease among only-child and non-only-child college students: A cross-sectional study in first-year students, Jiangsu, China¶
Authors: Li X et al. | Journal: Homo | Date: 2026 Jul 28
DOI: 10.1127/homo/2007 | PMID: 42517525
TL;DR: 江蘇 20 校 33,944 名大一生經 PSM 後，獨生與非獨生在性態度、性行為、HIV/AIDS、tuberculosis、hepatitis B KAP 多無差異；僅感染症正向態度稍高 OR 1.10。
不嘻嘻：這題問很大，答案卻像統計學的小聳肩。
Low pan-immune-inflammation value is associated with increased mortality in septic patients with immunocompromised status: a multicenter retrospective cohort study¶
Authors: Zhao Q et al. | Journal: Shock | Date: 2026 Jul 28
DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000002914 | PMID: 42517318
TL;DR: MIMIC-IV 1898 名免疫低下 septic patients 中，低 PIV 而非高 PIV 獨立預測住院死亡 HR 1.42、1 年死亡 HR 1.28，且 IFI odds 增加 OR 1.46，外部 cohort 結果一致。
不嘻嘻：免疫低下敗血症，PIV 低反而更讓人皺眉。
Central Nervous System Fungal Infections in Pakistan: A Narrative Review and Descriptive Synthesis¶
Authors: Ismail F et al. | Journal: Cureus | Date: 2026 Jun
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.111614 | PMID: 42516481
TL;DR: 巴基斯坦 14 研究、140 例 CNS fungal infection 中，Aspergillus 32.85% 與 Mucorales 30% 最常見；合併內外科治療占 80.71%，死亡率 36.28%，單純藥物治療死亡率 65.38%。
不嘻嘻：CNS fungal infection 還是診療雙重硬仗。
Tailored conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease: A tale of two pathways for IFN-γ and IL-12 defects¶
Authors: Ganesan K et al. | Journal: J Hum Immun | Date: 2026 Sep 07
DOI: 10.70962/jhi.20250264 | PMID: 42516312
TL;DR: 7 名 MSMD 兒童接受 8 次 HSCT，IL-12 defects 用 fludarabine/treosulfan engraftment 佳，IFN-γ defects 需加 thiotepa 降 rejection；中位 8 年追蹤 overall survival 87%。
嘻嘻：MSMD 走對 conditioning，移植長跑就有機會。
BCG-Related Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome and Delayed Donor Chimerism After Allogeneic HSCT in T-B-NK+ SCID: A Successful Report of Steroid-Sparing Management¶
Authors: Mehrian SRA et al. | Journal: Case Reports Immunol | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.1155/crii/3971651 | PMID: 42516309
TL;DR: T-B-NK+ SCID 嬰兒 HSCT 後 day +14/+28 chimerism 陰性但非 graft failure，隨 donor cells 出現發生 BCG-related IRIS；加強 antimycobacterial therapy 且免 corticosteroids，16 個月後穩定。
嘻嘻：SCID 這局很驚險，但 steroid 竟然省下來了。
Cervical Cancer Screening in Women Living with HIV in South Africa: Addressing Health Disparities Through Integrated Prevention Strategies¶
Authors: Adefolalu AO | Journal: Int J Womens Health | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S613391 | PMID: 42516296
TL;DR: 南非 WLHIV cervical cancer incidence 約為 HIV-negative 3 倍，HPV positivity 41.5% vs 17.4%，all-cause mortality aHR 1.52；整合 HIV care 的單次 screen-and-treat 可達 94.6% same-day ablation。
嘻嘻：HIV care 順手做篩檢，預防力瞬間升級。
Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Complicated by Mucormycosis Following Liver Transplantation for Cryptogenic Acute Liver Failure: A Case Report¶
Authors: Malik SA et al. | Journal: Clin Case Rep | Date: 2026 Aug
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.73217 | PMID: 42516249
TL;DR: liver transplant 後若出現 fever、cytopenia、hyperferritinemia 與 graft dysfunction，需早期懷疑 secondary HLH；合併 mucormycosis 等 opportunistic infections 時預後仍差。
不嘻嘻：HLH 加 mucormycosis，根本移植後地獄關卡。
Socio-Demographic and Prenatal Care Factors Associated with TORCH Screening During Pregnancy in Romania: A Cross-Sectional Study¶
Authors: Radu MC et al. | Journal: Healthcare (Basel) | Date: 2026 Jul 13
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare14142087 | PMID: 42512603
TL;DR: 羅馬尼亞 1301 名孕婦自述 TORCH 任一篩檢率 75.6%、完整 panel 49.3%；低教育程度大幅降低篩檢 aOR 0.08，產前教育則提高 uptake aOR 1.37。
不嘻嘻：產檢不平等，TORCH 也一起被階級化。
Liposomal Glutathione Exhibits Direct and Intracellular Antimycobacterial Activity Against Mycobacterium avium via Membrane Depolarization in a THP-1 Macrophage Model¶
Authors: Newman N et al. | Journal: Bioengineering (Basel) | Date: 2026 Jul 17
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering13070823 | PMID: 42510488
TL;DR: liposomal glutathione 對 M. avium 具直接與 macrophage 內 antimycobacterial 活性，機轉含 membrane depolarization；支持作為 HIV-associated MAC 的 host-directed therapy 候選。
嘻嘻：glutathione 若真能幫 MAC，會很讓人想追。
Prevalence and Genotypes of Mycobacteria Species in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples in a Tertiary Laboratory, Northern Pretoria, South Africa¶
Authors: Khaba MC et al. | Journal: Diagnostics (Basel) | Date: 2026 Jul 17
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics16142234 | PMID: 42510097
TL;DR: 南非 37 件 FFPE necrotising granuloma 檢體中，ZN stain 僅 8.1% 見 AFB，multiplex PCR 75.7% 檢出 mycobacterial DNA；NTM alone 50.0%、MTB alone 10.7%、混合 28.6%。
嘻嘻：石蠟檢體也能挖出 mycobacteria，考古感十足。
Antifungal Use in Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Units in Greece¶
Authors: Kourti M et al. | Journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J | Date: 2026 Jul 28
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000005344 | PMID: 42509613
TL;DR: 希臘 5 個 pediatric hemato-oncology 與 1 個 HSCT unit 中，1838 個 anti-infective courses 有 40.1% 使用 antifungals；多為 prophylactic 47.6% 或 empiric 50.7%，targeted 僅 1.5%。
不嘻嘻：antifungals 用很多，真正命中靶心的卻很少。
Transcriptional Profiling of Hypo- and Hypervirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Characterised by Differential Expression of the Moa3 Operon¶
Authors: Ambler JM et al. | Journal: Curr Microbiol | Date: 2026 Jul 27
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-026-05038-2 | PMID: 42509362
TL;DR: 兩株 genetically similar Beijing family M. tuberculosis 在 4 種培養條件 transcriptome 比較中，hypervirulent isolate 的 moa operon 持續低表現，可能影響 molybdenum cofactor 與 redox stress response。
嘻嘻：TB 毒力線索藏在轉錄體裡，偵探感拉滿。
🟢 One Health / Zoonoses¶
The role of autophagy in protozoan infections¶
Authors: Wang X et al. | Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1843632 | PMID: 42518850
TL;DR: autophagy 可清除 parasites、bacteria、viruses，也可能被 protozoa 利用；現有研究集中於 Toxoplasma 與 Plasmodium，extracellular protozoa 的 host-pathogen 互動仍不足。
嘻嘻：autophagy 對 protozoa，像免疫系統的雙面刃。
Prevalence, resistance profile, and molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli from captive giant pandas¶
Authors: Yan X et al. | Journal: One Health | Date: 2026 Dec
DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101513 | PMID: 42518600
TL;DR: 成都圈養大貓熊 100 株 E. coli 中 ESBL-producing 比例 29%，較 2020–2021 的 8% 明顯上升；29 株皆對多種 β-lactams 抗藥，blaCTX-M-4 100%，MGEs 顯示 HGT 潛力高。
不嘻嘻：連大貓熊腸道 E. coli 都在展示 AMR。
Avian influenza and One Health: bridging animal and human health through integrated surveillance and vaccination¶
Authors: Pardini A et al. | Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1659738 | PMID: 42516435
TL;DR: avian influenza 需 One Health 整合 wild birds、poultry 與人類 surveillance；genome sequencing 改善 viral evolution 監測，動物 vaccination 可降低 source burden 與 spillover 風險。
嘻嘻：One Health 不是口號，是流感監測的基本配備。
Susceptibility of Cell Lines from Different Species to Porcine Deltacoronavirus¶
Authors: Jiang H et al. | Journal: Viruses | Date: 2026 Jul 15
DOI: 10.3390/v18070776 | PMID: 42515629
TL;DR: PDCoV 可在多種 human、murine、feline cell lines 複製；H1299、Caco-2、MC-38 高度 permissive 且不需 exogenous trypsin，trypsin 在 semi-permissive cells 中濃度依賴增強 replication。
不嘻嘻：PDCoV 細胞嗜性太廣，跨種想像空間有點大。
Novel Reassortant H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses with Dual Receptor-Binding Capacity and Evidence of Direct Mammalian Infectivity Circulating in Northeast China Live Poultry Markets¶
Authors: Ren Y et al. | Journal: Viruses | Date: 2026 Jul 13
DOI: 10.3390/v18070771 | PMID: 42515623
TL;DR: 長春 live poultry market 3 株 H9N2 為 4 lineage mosaic genome；HL55/HL56 具 avian α2-3 與 human α2-6 dual binding，HL55 無適應即可感染小鼠並造成約 9.2% 體重下降。
不嘻嘻：H9N2 又在練跨宿主，市場監測不能睡。
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 in South America, 2022-2025: Spread, Affected Species, and Southward Expansion into the Antarctic Region¶
Authors: Sánchez-Rodríguez F et al. | Journal: Viruses | Date: 2026 Jul 12
DOI: 10.3390/v18070764 | PMID: 42515616
TL;DR: H5N1 HPAI 2022 進入南美、2024 抵達南極，造成逾 600 萬家禽損失並感染 104 種 wild birds；genomics 顯示多次 introduction、區域 diversification 與反覆 cross-species spillover。
不嘻嘻：H5N1 往南極跑，地圖越看越不安。
Long-Term Monitoring of Influenza A Viruses in Wild Waterfowl: Evidence from the Lake Baikal Basin (2018-2024)¶
Authors: Kasianov N et al. | Journal: Viruses | Date: 2026 Jul 11
DOI: 10.3390/v18070761 | PMID: 42515613
TL;DR: 貝加爾湖 2018–2024 surveillance 篩檢 1036 件 wild waterfowl cloacal swabs，分離 42 株 influenza A、12 種 HA/NA 組合；H6 viruses 具 dual-receptor binding 與 zoonotic relevance。
不嘻嘻：野鳥流感庫存很豐富，人類只能勤點名。
Genomic Surveillance Uncovers the Silent Spread of Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1 2.3.4.4b) Among Wild Birds and Mammals Along Brazil's Southern Coast¶
Authors: Garcia YLNL et al. | Journal: Viruses | Date: 2026 Jul 03
DOI: 10.3390/v18070738 | PMID: 42515590
TL;DR: 巴西南岸 661 隻無明顯病灶鳥類與哺乳類中，3 件 H5N1 AIV 陽性，陽性率 0.45%（95% CI 0.16–1.33）；其中 brown booby 取得 complete genome，凸顯無症狀宿主 genomic surveillance 重要性。
不嘻嘻：無症狀 H5N1 最煩，安靜移動最難抓。
Beyond the Meat of the Matter: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Hepatitis E Seroprevalence and Food-Borne Transmission Potential in the Balkans¶
Authors: Sakaliyska K et al. | Journal: Viruses | Date: 2026 Jul 02
DOI: 10.3390/v18070736 | PMID: 42515588
TL;DR: 巴爾幹 28 研究 meta-analysis 估計成人 anti-HEV seroprevalence 5.68%，國別介於希臘 1.01% 至保加利亞 26.66%；assay type 與出版年份為主要 moderators，豬肉消費非獨立因子。
不嘻嘻：HEV 血清盛行率地圖，永遠比菜單複雜。
Molecular Detection of Canine Distemper Virus in Portugal: What Explains the Post-2020 Decline? A Retrospective RT-qPCR Study¶
Authors: Lopes R et al. | Journal: Viruses | Date: 2026 Jul 02
DOI: 10.3390/v18070734 | PMID: 42515586
TL;DR: 葡萄牙 2013–2025 年 637 件疑似犬瘟熱檢體中，CDV RT-qPCR positivity 33.8%；2021–2025 偵測明顯下降但不可解讀為全國消除，仍需 domestic dog-wildlife interface 監測。
嘻嘻：CDV 下降是好消息，但還不能急著開香檳。
From Reactive to Predictive One Health: AI-Enabled Frameworks for Integrated Zoonotic Surveillance and Governance¶
Authors: Sorrentino E et al. | Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health | Date: 2026 Jun 29
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph23070850 | PMID: 42512156
TL;DR: AI-enabled One Health Information System 概念整合 Earth observation、WGS、livestock mobility 與 geospatial architecture，目標補足 real-time interoperable 資料分享不足，從描述性轉向 anticipatory surveillance。
嘻嘻：AI 若能讓 One Health 早一步醒來，很值得押注。
Salmonella enterica in Northern Italy: Insights from a Historical Collection¶
Authors: Pasutto P et al. | Journal: Pathogens | Date: 2026 Jul 22
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens15070771 | PMID: 42515098
TL;DR: 倫巴底 2001–2016 年 6624 例 Salmonella enterica 中，4 serovars 佔約 80%；S. Choleraesuis bloodstream proportion 最高，iNTS 有 69.3% 對至少一類抗生素抗藥、34.7% MDR。
不嘻嘻：Salmonella 抗藥老戲碼，歷史樣本也會嘆氣。
Targeting Foodborne Pathogens with Bacteriophages: Mechanisms, Applications, and Resistance¶
Authors: Edison LK et al. | Journal: Pathogens | Date: 2026 Jul 07
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens15070711 | PMID: 42515042
TL;DR: bacteriophages 可精準控制 Salmonella、Campylobacter、STEC、Listeria monocytogenes、Vibrio spp. 等 foodborne bacteria；效益受 host range、matrix effect、resistance 與法規量產限制。
嘻嘻：phage 很精準，但食品現場不會乖乖配合。
Pathogens Associated with Domestic Cats (Felis catus), Their Public Health Impact on Children, and Implications of Urban Management¶
Authors: Yosef R | Journal: Pathogens | Date: 2026 Jun 25
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens15070673 | PMID: 42515000
TL;DR: 家貓可傳播 T. gondii、T. cati、B. henselae、S. enterica、C. jejuni、P. multocida、M. canis 等 zoonoses；兒童因密切接觸與衛生習慣未成熟暴露風險較高。
不嘻嘻：貓很可愛，zoonoses 清單也很有存在感。
Influence of the Salmonella Infantis pESI plasmid on disinfectant efficacy when in biofilm¶
Authors: Davies E et al. | Journal: Access Microbiol | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.001190.v3 | PMID: 42516399
TL;DR: 英國與奧地利 S. Infantis in vitro 測試中，pESI plasmid 有 AMR gene 差異但未影響 biofilm formation，也未改變 planktonic 或 biofilm disinfectant tolerance。
嘻嘻：pESI 沒讓消毒劑失手，至少今天少一個壞消息。
🟡 Food Security / Food Safety¶
Synthetic ion channel inhibitors enhance plant drought tolerance¶
Authors: Sato K et al. | Journal: Nat Commun | Date: 2026 Jul 27
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-75894-w | PMID: 42509236
TL;DR: NS5806 與 UA49 抑制 plant plasma membrane voltage-dependent K+ channels，誘發 stomatal closure、降低 guard cell K+ 並提高 Arabidopsis drought resistance，途徑不同於 ABA。
嘻嘻：植物離子通道也能當抗旱旋鈕，有意思。
Antibacterial and preservation efficiency of photodynamic ice glaze driven by curcumin/β-cyclodextrin complex against Pacific white shrimp¶
Authors: Huang X et al. | Journal: Int J Food Microbiol | Date: 2026 Jul 23
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111984 | PMID: 42508329
TL;DR: curcumin/β-cyclodextrin photodynamic ice glaze 在藍光冷凍下對 S. aureus 降低 >5.98 Log CFU/mL，V. parahaemolyticus 至不可偵測；蝦冷凍 15 天菌量維持 <5.20 Log CFU/g。
嘻嘻：藍光冰衣顧鮮蝦，食品安全也能很科幻。
Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance Trichoderma harzianumT78¶
Authors: Álvarez F et al. | Journal: EFSA J | Date: 2026 Jul
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2026.10197 | PMID: 42516966
TL;DR: EFSA peer review 評估 Trichoderma harzianum T78 作為萵苣 fungicide 的代表用途，列出 regulatory risk assessment 可用 endpoints，並指出仍有必要補齊的資料缺口。
不嘻嘻：生物農藥也逃不過資料缺口這關。
Pesticide active substances that do not require a review of the existing maximum residue levels under Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005¶
Authors: | Journal: EFSA J | Date: 2026 Jul
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2026.10269 | PMID: 42516963
TL;DR: EFSA 認定 3 項 pesticide active substances 的既有 MRLs review 已無必要，原因包括曾暫列 Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 Annex IV 且相關評估問題已由 statement 處理。
嘻嘻：MRLs 少審一點，法規人員今天可以少喝咖啡。
Regulatory Implications and Control Measures for Lumpy Skin Disease, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, and Foot-and-Mouth Disease in European Livestock¶
Authors: Baptista C et al. | Journal: Viruses | Date: 2026 Jul 15
DOI: 10.3390/v18070777 | PMID: 42515628
TL;DR: 歐洲 LSD、HPAI、FMD 綜述顯示 preventive vaccination 可降低 outbreak size、duration 與經濟損失；LSD 根除需 vaccination，HPAI 支持 vaccination-to-live，FMD 仍受貿易政策限制。
嘻嘻：家畜疫苗政策若轉彎，疫情規模可能也跟著轉。
Detection of Infectious Hepatitis E Virus in Retail Pork Pâté After Optimization of Extraction Protocols¶
Authors: Locus T et al. | Journal: Viruses | Date: 2026 Jul 11
DOI: 10.3390/v18070760 | PMID: 42515612
TL;DR: 以 TGBE buffer 與 stomacher soft extraction 可從比利時超市即食 pork liver pâté 分離 infectious HEV；RNA copies/g 接近 TRIzol method，且保留 capsid integrity 與 cell culture infectivity。
不嘻嘻：即食 pâté 找到 infectious HEV，餐桌瞬間不浪漫。
Multi-Ligand Interactions Shape Human Norovirus Persistence, Transmission, and Control in Food Matrices¶
Authors: Zhang Z et al. | Journal: Viruses | Date: 2026 Jul 01
DOI: 10.3390/v18070731 | PMID: 42515583
TL;DR: HuNoV 在食物中的 persistence 受 genotype-dependent multi-ligand interactions 影響，包含 glycans、HBGA-like substances、proteinaceous ligands 與 bacterial matrix，解釋 washing、depuration、RT-qPCR 侷限。
不嘻嘻：HuNoV 黏食物太有天分，清洗很難當主角。
Food Environments and Food Security Among Mothers and Children in Northeast Brazil: The Role of Social and Housing Conditions¶
Authors: da Silva VG et al. | Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health | Date: 2026 Jul 22
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph23070936 | PMID: 42512240
TL;DR: 巴西伯南布哥 314 名母嬰中，較佳社會與居住條件連結較佳家庭食物環境 β 0.79 與較低 food insecurity β -1.05；food insecurity severity 與母親 BMI 上升相關。
不嘻嘻：食物不安全背後，常常是住與錢一起失守。
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Occupational Health and Safety Among Migrant Agricultural Workers in Ontario, Canada: A Pilot Study¶
Authors: Fairclough C et al. | Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health | Date: 2026 Jul 15
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph23070906 | PMID: 42512210
TL;DR: 加拿大安大略 93 名 migrant agricultural workers pilot survey 中，部分曾知悉 workplace COVID-19 cases 或受傷生病卻不敢通報；OHS rights 與 sick leave 認知不足，需針對性介入。
不嘻嘻：移工不敢通報生病，制度比病毒更難處理。
Dual Burden of Food and Water Insecurity Among SNAP Households with Children in the Southern United States¶
Authors: Pradhananga N et al. | Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health | Date: 2026 Jul 10
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph23070891 | PMID: 42512195
TL;DR: 美國南部 683 個有兒童 SNAP households 中，food insecurity 75.1%、water insecurity 53.9%，48.6% 兩者並存；food insecurity score 每增加，water insecurity odds 上升 AOR 1.33。
不嘻嘻：食物和水都不穩，家庭壓力直接雙倍。
Evaluation of Wheat-Derived Bacteria as Surrogates for Validating Antimicrobial Inactivation of Foodborne Pathogens during Wheat Tempering¶
Authors: Lin Y et al. | Journal: J Food Prot | Date: 2026 Jul 27
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2026.100880 | PMID: 42508536
TL;DR: 4 株 wheat-derived Gram-negative isolates 與 E. faecium NRRL B-2354 評估後，部分候選在 growth、lactic acid tolerance、storage survival 與 tempering reduction 上接近 pathogens，可作 wheat tempering surrogate。
嘻嘻：wheat surrogate 找得好，驗證流程就少冒一點險。
Prevalence of Biofilm-Forming Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Across the Farm-to-Fork Continuum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis¶
Authors: Shrestha A et al. | Journal: Microorganisms | Date: 2026 Jul 20
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms14071584 | PMID: 42514088
TL;DR: 88 研究系統回顧顯示 true biofilm-positive NTS 在 animal isolates 58.4%、food 67.7%、human 73.1%、environmental 88.1%；pooled prevalence 73.9%，提示 farm-to-fork 外部環境富集。
不嘻嘻：NTS biofilm 從農場黏到餐桌，清潔人員想哭。
Effects of ompR Deletion on Stress Tolerance and Virulence in Salmonella Typhimurium Monophasic Variant¶
Authors: Xia C et al. | Journal: Microorganisms | Date: 2026 Jul 09
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms14071503 | PMID: 42514007
TL;DR: Salmonella Typhimurium monophasic variant 刪除 ompR 後，熱、osmotic、acid、oxidative stress tolerance 與 motility 皆下降；ICR mice 7 天存活率 100%，肝脾腸 bacterial loads 顯著較低。
嘻嘻：拿掉 ompR，Salmonella 立刻少了幾分狠勁。
The Co-Evolutionary Arms Race Between Salmonella and the NLRC4 Inflammasome: Immune Recognition and Evasion Strategies¶
Authors: Guo Y et al. | Journal: Microorganisms | Date: 2026 Jul 09
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms14071500 | PMID: 42514004
TL;DR: NLRC4 inflammasome 透過 NAIP 辨識 Salmonella flagellin 與 T3SS components，引發 pyroptosis 與 infected epithelial cell extrusion；Salmonella 以 ligand downregulation、T3SS 修改與 effectors 逃脫。
嘻嘻：NLRC4 跟 Salmonella 互相拆招，免疫劇場精彩。
Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles from Food-Grade Pediococcus acidilactici JD-21: Selenite Bioreduction, Enhanced Probiotic Traits, and Antioxidant Protection¶
Authors: Fan S et al. | Journal: Foods | Date: 2026 Jul 09
DOI: 10.3390/foods15142440 | PMID: 42511186
TL;DR: Pediococcus acidilactici JD-21 可耐受並還原 5 mmol/L Se(IV)，產生平均 46.4±7.7 nm SeNPs；selenium enrichment 增強對 E. coli、S. aureus、S. Enteritidis 抑菌與小鼠 S. suis 感染抗氧化保護。
嘻嘻：probiotic 加 selenium，聽起來像機能食品開外掛。
資料來源：PubMed (articles retrieved 2026-07-29)