Daily Journal Digest — 2026-08-23¶
過去 24 小時新增：Transplant ID × 5、One Health × 10、Food Security × 10，共 25 篇。
⭐ 今日亮點¶
- Pulmonary Cryptococcosis in Apparently Immunocompetent Hosts: Host Susceptibility, Occult Immunodeficiency and Clinical Implications
重塑非 HIV cryptococcosis 的免疫框架。 - From Granulomas to Nanomotors: Active surveillance and microenvironment mapping in the post-tuberculosis Lung
把 TB 後肺部後遺症連到癌症監測新框架。
🔬 深入評讀¶
Pulmonary Cryptococcosis in Apparently Immunocompetent Hosts: Host Susceptibility, Occult Immunodeficiency and Clinical Implications¶
Mycoses | IF 4.1 | DOI | PMID 42629947
- 設計：這是敘述性綜述與假說框架文，聚焦亞洲非 HIV pulmonary cryptococcosis 中「表面免疫正常」宿主比例上升的現象，整合病例報告、家族研究、候選基因研究、有限 immunophenotyping 與動物模式。
- 樣本：本文不是系統性回顧，未提供可重算的總樣本數；涵蓋 Cryptococcus neoformans 與 Cryptococcus gattii 的物種差異、家族群聚、例行免疫檢查正常但可能存在 occult immunodeficiency 的族群。
- 關鍵論點：作者提出三層模型：上游遺傳變異影響 pattern recognition、Fcγ receptor、complement-lectin 與 macrophage-regulatory loci；中介免疫表型包括 IL-17/Th17 axis、IgG2 deficiency 與 anti-GM-CSF neutralising autoantibodies；最後匯聚到 alveolar macrophage dysfunction 與肺部真菌清除缺陷。其中 anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies 的臨床驗證最強，IgG2 deficiency 仍偏機轉假說，IL-17/Th17 證據僅來自單一未複製研究。
- Limitation：主要限制是證據基礎異質且多為假說生成：缺乏 genome-wide association studies、前瞻性 functional research，也未建立此分層框架在臨床篩檢、預後或治療決策上的實際效益。
- Bottom line：非 HIV pulmonary cryptococcosis 不應只被視為偶發感染；遇到表面免疫正常個案，特別可考慮 occult immune susceptibility，尤其 anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies。
From Granulomas to Nanomotors: Active surveillance and microenvironment mapping in the post-tuberculosis Lung¶
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol | DOI | PMID 42628609
- 設計：這是敘述性綜述與轉譯框架文，整合 TB 治癒後肺部結構、免疫與代謝改變的臨床與機轉證據，並提出以 nanomotors 補足現有監測工具的概念路徑。
- 樣本：本文未提供系統性納入研究數或 pooled estimate；目標族群是 TB 存活者，特別是有 post-tuberculosis lung disease（PTLD）、fibrosis、cavitation、bronchiectasis 或 chronic inflammation 的患者。
- 關鍵論點：作者指出約半數 TB 存活者會出現 PTLD，肺癌也常發生於殘餘 TB scar 附近；其核心論點是 post-TB lung 是動態且空間異質的「active scar」，靜態影像與低敏感度 biomarker 不足以對應此病理。文章主張 nanomotors 近期較可行的用途，是在 sputum 或 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 做 ex vivo biomarker enrichment，較具推測性的 sensing 或 therapeutic use 則需分階段驗證。
- Limitation：限制在於這是概念性整合，並非臨床試驗或系統性回顧；nanomotor 應用多仍屬轉譯早期，尚缺乏前瞻性診斷效能、臨床 outcome、成本效益與可近性驗證。
- Bottom line：TB 治癒後仍需要主動思考長期肺部監測；nanomotor 目前最值得關注的是作為 sputum 或 BAL biomarker enrichment 的診斷輔助平台。
🔴 Transplant & Opportunistic Infections¶
A randomized pilot trial comparing anti-thymocyte globulin with anti-thymocyte globulin plus post transplant cyclophosphamide for prophylaxis against acute and chronic graft versus host disease in matched donor hematopoietic cell transplants - a study from the Cell Therapy Transplant Canada/ Australasian Leukemia Lymphoma Group Consortium¶
Authors: Walker I et al. | Journal: Bone Marrow Transplant | Date: 2026 Aug 21
DOI: 10.1038/s41409-026-03024-7 | PMID: 42629427
TL;DR: 79名matched donor HCT病人中，ATG加PTCy與ATG在100天OS相近（94.9% vs 95.0%），12個月OS也相近；neutrophil engraftment較慢（22 vs 19天）。
不嘻嘻：GVHD預防又像調配滷包，香氣有了但火候還卡。
Pulmonary Cryptococcosis in Apparently Immunocompetent Hosts: Host Susceptibility, Occult Immunodeficiency and Clinical Implications¶
Authors: Ma R et al. | Journal: Mycoses | Date: 2026 Aug
DOI: 10.1111/myc.70210 | PMID: 42629947
TL;DR: 非HIV pulmonary cryptococcosis在亞洲多見於表面免疫正常者；anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies證據最強，IgG2 deficiency與IL-17/Th17異常仍待驗證。
嘻嘻：免疫正常只是表面功夫，autoantibody終於被抓包。
Significance of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Detection in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Descriptive Epidemiology¶
Authors: Miwa T et al. | Journal: Transplant Proc | Date: 2026 Aug 21
DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2026.07.023 | PMID: 42629281
TL;DR: 日本單中心472名肝移植受者中，6人（1.3%）符合pulmonary NTM disease且皆未治療；除1人死於PTLD，5人追蹤1067–4825天無惡化且存活。
嘻嘻：肝移植後NTM也不一定要立刻開戰，先深呼吸。
From Granulomas to Nanomotors: Active surveillance and microenvironment mapping in the post-tuberculosis Lung¶
Authors: Kawuribi V et al. | Journal: Crit Rev Oncol Hematol | Date: 2026 Aug 21
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2026.105555 | PMID: 42628609
TL;DR: 約半數TB倖存者有PTLD，並增加scar附近肺癌風險；nanomotors可望在sputum或BAL做ex vivo biomarker enrichment，補足靜態影像限制。
嘻嘻：TB後肺部不是黑盒子，nanomotors有機會當探照燈。
Single-session rigid bronchoscopic clearance of mucormycosis pulmonary cavitary¶
Authors: Xu Y et al. | Journal: Med Clin (Barc) | Date: 2026 Aug 21
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2026.107581 | PMID: 42628287
🟢 One Health / Zoonoses¶
Genomic evidence of IS26-mediated structural variation in a lettuce-derived pESI-positive Salmonella Infantis identified through non-poultry food surveillance¶
Authors: Kim Y et al. | Journal: Food Res Int | Date: 2026 Oct 31
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119851 | PMID: 42629081
TL;DR: 韓國3328件非禽類食品樣本僅0.5%檢出Salmonella；萵苣MDR S. Infantis帶pESI-like megaplasmid，與禽源lineage相近但無法推定傳播方向。
不嘻嘻：生菜也能藏MDR S. Infantis，沙拉突然很硬派。
Introduction to the Special Feature: One Health Approaches for Health Security Extend Beyond Spillover From Border Security to Mental Health¶
Authors: Sorrell EM et al. | Journal: Health Secur | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.1177/23265094261465496 | PMID: 42627040
Highly Virulent Getah Virus Subgroup GIII-c Emerging in Pigs in China¶
Authors: Xiang Z et al. | Journal: Transbound Emerg Dis | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.1155/tbed/3201005 | PMID: 42626796
TL;DR: 中國3處豬場分離GETV GIII-c，基因相似度99.67%–99.91%；7日齡仔豬感染死亡率77.8%（7/9），接觸傳播哨兵豬死亡率33.3%。
不嘻嘻：GETV在仔豬身上開大絕，養豬場真的笑不出來。
Genetic diversity, haplotype structure, and population dynamics of Echinococcus granulosus isolates from human cystic echinococcosis in Tibet, China¶
Authors: He P et al. | Journal: Trop Med Health | Date: 2026 Aug 01
DOI: 10.1186/s41182-026-01036-z | PMID: 42629593
TL;DR: 西藏54名human CE分離株以G1為主，並首次在多地人類檢體見G3；COX2顯示高haplotype diversity（Hd=0.771）與族群近期擴張。
不嘻嘻：Echinococcus在高原玩族群擴張，人類只是順路中獎。
Late vertebral and pulmonary alveolar echinococcosis after hepatic surgery mimicking spinal and disseminated tuberculosis: a case report¶
Authors: Li C et al. | Journal: Trop Med Health | Date: 2026 Aug 04
DOI: 10.1186/s41182-026-01021-6 | PMID: 42629577
TL;DR: 28歲西藏女性肝hydatid術後8年出現脊椎與肺AE，被誤診為TB；mNGS驗出Echinococcus multilocularis後改albendazole，3–6個月改善。
嘻嘻：mNGS救回一個像TB的AE，診斷劇本終於反轉。
Frontline governance: a street-level bureaucracy perspective on brucellosis control in Western Iran¶
Authors: Behzadifar M et al. | Journal: Trop Med Health | Date: 2026 Aug 21
DOI: 10.1186/s41182-026-01057-8 | PMID: 42629573
TL;DR: 伊朗西部39名brucellosis防治前線人員訪談顯示，政策落地依賴自由裁量、資源配給與非正式跨部門協作；彈性提高延續性但加深制度脆弱。
不嘻嘻：brucellosis防治靠前線補破網，制度還在裝沒事。
Forensic ethology: An operational model to enhance forensic pathologists' knowledge in animal attacks¶
Authors: Napoletano G et al. | Journal: Forensic Sci Int | Date: 2026 Aug 14
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.113107 | PMID: 42628491
TL;DR: 43篇forensic pathology文獻顯示，不同動物攻擊的傷痕模式受物種、年齡與情境影響；整合現場、autopsy、histology與genetic證據可提高物種歸因。
嘻嘻：傷痕也會說物種語，forensic ethology很會破案。
Molecular detection, phylogenetic relationships, and haplotype diversity of spotted fever group Rickettsia species in ticks collected from sheep and goats in Türkiye¶
Authors: Erol U et al. | Journal: Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis | Date: 2026 Aug 20
DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2026.102516 | PMID: 42628144
TL;DR: 土耳其789隻羊與山羊血液未檢出Rickettsia DNA，但136個tick pools有28.67%陽性，鑑定出5種Rickettsia並見多重haplotypes循環。
不嘻嘻：羊沒事，tick很忙，Rickettsia在旁邊開同樂會。
Origin, evolution and transmission dynamics of Orthobunyavirus Oropoucheense¶
Authors: Wang Z et al. | Journal: Cladistics | Date: 2026 Aug 21
DOI: 10.1111/cla.70065 | PMID: 42627027
TL;DR: OROV phylogenomics顯示巴西株主導全球族群，巴西與秘魯為主要祖源；2010後segmental reassortment增加，M gene是recombination與positive selection熱點。
不嘻嘻：OROV基因組一直洗牌，病毒比我們還懂重組策略。
Six-year trend of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever cases in Islamic Republic of Iran¶
Authors: Nasirian H et al. | Journal: East Mediterr Health J | Date: 2026 Aug 02
DOI: 10.26719/2026.32.7.446 | PMID: 42626805
TL;DR: 伊朗Sistan and Baluchestan 2018–2024年433例疑似CCHF中，91例確診、16例可能，fatality rate 11%；病例由2019年167例降至2024年15例，冬季較多。
嘻嘻：CCHF下降總算有點光，但fatality rate仍提醒別鬆手。
🟡 Food Security / Food Safety¶
Isolation and characterization of a novel lytic phage WAH1 against multidrug-resistant Bacillus cereus and its application in food matrices¶
Authors: Wan P et al. | Journal: Food Res Int | Date: 2026 Oct 31
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119884 | PMID: 42629095
TL;DR: lytic phage WAH1可裂解33/51株MDR Bacillus cereus（64.7%），40分鐘latent period、burst size 114 PFU/cell；在牛奶、米飯、肉品可抑制或清除菌量。
嘻嘻：phage WAH1像食品界外援，專打MDR B. cereus。
Non-nutritive sweeteners in hand-shaken beverages: Occurrence, consumption patterns, and dietary risk assessment¶
Authors: Yeh YC et al. | Journal: Food Res Int | Date: 2026 Oct 31
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119872 | PMID: 42629092
TL;DR: 台灣189件手搖飲以LC-MS/MS測8種NNS，sucralose與acesulfame potassium最常見；暴露量差異大但combined hazard index皆低於健康指引值5%。
嘻嘻：手搖飲甜味劑先過關，台灣人的杯子暫時沒翻車。
Listeria monocytogenes dry surface biofilms: a comparative study of mono- and coculture with Enterococcus faecium¶
Authors: Pereira RF et al. | Journal: Food Res Int | Date: 2026 Oct 31
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119870 | PMID: 42629091
TL;DR: Listeria monocytogenes dry surface biofilm 在 polypropylene 較 stainless steel 高約 2 log CFU/cm2，存活至 42 天；共培養 Enterococcus faecium 可使病原維持低於 1.4 log CFU/cm2。
不嘻嘻：乾表面又耐活，廚房清潔真的不能靠信仰。
Isolation and characterization of broad-host-range bacteriophages and their alleviation of liver and kidney injury in a mouse model of S. aureus infection¶
Authors: Yao X et al. | Journal: Food Res Int | Date: 2026 Oct 31
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119863 | PMID: 42629087
TL;DR: 266 件牛奶分離出 47 株 S. aureus（17.67%），含 MRSA；新分離 Kayvirus phage 可抑制多種 ST、biofilm 與食品菌量，並在小鼠降低器官菌量及肝腎損傷。
嘻嘻：phage 救場感很強，連器官傷害都看見曙光。
Biocontrol of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis on chicken breast, pork tenderloin, and lettuce using the lytic bacteriophage vB_PMG_YP1¶
Authors: Wang C et al. | Journal: Food Res Int | Date: 2026 Oct 31
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119862 | PMID: 42629086
TL;DR: MDR Proteus mirabilis 對 18/19 種抗生素具 resistance；lytic phage vB_PMG_YP1 burst size 240 phages/cell，在雞胸、豬里肌與萵苣於 4°C、25°C 均可持續抑菌。
嘻嘻：冷藏肉菜也能壓菌，phage 派上實戰用場了。
Strain development, bioprocess optimization, and food-structure design for sustainable mycoprotein production from edible filamentous fungi¶
Authors: Han Z et al. | Journal: Food Res Int | Date: 2026 Oct 31
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119841 | PMID: 42629072
TL;DR: mycoprotein 可作下一代永續蛋白來源；SPSF framework 串接 strain selection、fermentation、downstream processing 與 food-structure design，以同步改善產量、消化率、口感與製程穩定性。
嘻嘻：真菌蛋白若能好吃又穩，餐盤未來感來了。
Rational hapten design enables a sensitive and specific immunochromatographic assay for on-site rapid detection of triflusulfuron-methyl in food and environmental samples¶
Authors: Wu H et al. | Journal: Food Res Int | Date: 2026 Oct 31
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119828 | PMID: 42629060
TL;DR: 以 rational hapten H2 製備 mAb 4C6，triflusulfuron-methyl IC50 達 1.25 ng/mL；LFIA 在高麗菜、蘋果、甜菜與湖水視覺偵測極限 5–10 ng/g，回收率 93.7%–102.3%。
嘻嘻：現場快篩農藥更靈敏，食安稽查少一點猜謎。
Curcumin-modified nanofibers for visible-light-induced inactivation of foodborne pathogens and preventing biofilm formation¶
Authors: El-Moghazy A et al. | Journal: Food Res Int | Date: 2026 Oct 31
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119825 | PMID: 42629057
TL;DR: curcumin-conjugated PVA-co-PE nanofiber 在 daylight 下 30–75 分鐘使 Escherichia coli、Listeria innocua 降低 >6 log，30 分鐘清除 T7 bacteriophage >6 log，並抑制 72 小時 biofilm。
嘻嘻：daylight 就能殺菌抗 biofilm，包材突然很有戲。
Dual-mode PEC-colorimetric aptasensor for sensitive aflatoxin B1 detection via a BiVO4/Ni3(HHTP)2 heterojunction and PdAuCu nanoenzyme amplification¶
Authors: Zhang X et al. | Journal: Food Res Int | Date: 2026 Oct 31
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119815 | PMID: 42629049
TL;DR: BiVO4/Ni3(HHTP)2 與 PdAuCu nanoenzyme dual-mode aptasensor 可偵測 aflatoxin B1；PEC 與 CL 線性範圍分別至 500 ng/mL，偵測極限 0.45 與 3.6 pg/mL。
嘻嘻：aflatoxin B1 偵測靈敏到像在抓影子。
Impact of sodium nitrite reduction on microbiological safety and quality of cooked-smoked traditional Portuguese sausage (Chourição)¶
Authors: Nunes MJM et al. | Journal: Food Res Int | Date: 2026 Oct 31
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119793 | PMID: 42629030
TL;DR: 葡萄牙 Chourição 儲存 60 天整品微生物皆受控；切片後 Listeria monocytogenes 在 4°C、8°C 各配方皆會生長，80 ppm nitrite 保有感官與理化品質但仍需嚴格冷鏈。
不嘻嘻：切片後就翻車，冷鏈永遠是最後魔王。
資料來源：PubMed (articles retrieved 2026-08-23)