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Daily Journal Digest — 2026-09-25

過去 24 小時新增:Transplant ID × 14、One Health × 10、Food Security × 10,共 34 篇。

⭐ 今日亮點


🔬 深入評讀

Steroid-sparing strategies in respiratory diseases: efficacy and safety of current therapeutic options

Pulm Pharmacol Ther | DOI | PMID 42777937

  • 設計:此敘述性綜述整理呼吸道疾病 steroid-sparing 治療的療效與安全性,涵蓋 ANCA-associated vasculitis、allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis、pulmonary sarcoidosis 與 asthma。摘要未交代文獻檢索方式、涵蓋期間或國家/地區。
  • 樣本:評讀範圍包含傳統替代治療與 targeted therapies,重點在減少 systemic glucocorticoids 暴露時能否維持疾病控制。摘要未列出納入研究數、各疾病的關鍵試驗、樣本數或追蹤期間,也未提供 transplant/HSCT 族群的專屬證據。
  • 關鍵論點:核心論點是減少 glucocorticoids 劑量不等於降低整體治療風險:替代療法的療效、證據強度與安全性各異,本身亦可能造成顯著毒性。作者主張同時評估長期疾病控制與整體治療毒性;摘要未提供效應量,也未證實這些策略能降低伺機性感染發生率。
  • Limitation:摘要未說明是否採系統性檢索或進行 risk of bias 評估,因此無法判斷證據選取的完整性;跨疾病與跨藥物的結論也不能直接套用至個別療法。部分藥物缺乏長期安全性資料,加上適應症與成本限制,對 transplant/HSCT 感染預防的應用仍屬間接。
  • Bottom line:對 allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 等需長期 glucocorticoids 的患者,評估 steroid-sparing 策略應同時衡量疾病控制、替代藥物毒性與感染風險,不能僅憑減量便推定淨臨床效益。

🔴 Transplant & Opportunistic Infections

Authors: Chen Y et al. | Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1889007 | PMID: 42780464

TL;DR: 32例PC相較14名健康者有24項代謝物通過FDR校正;與16例PA比較則無顯著差異,較支持共同宿主反應,尚無獨立驗證。

不嘻嘻:吹口氣就能破案很美好,可惜線索還認不出嫌犯。


Clinical Characteristics of People With Extrapulmonary and Disseminated Tuberculosis: A 23-Year Retrospective Cohort Study in People Without HIV Without Pharmacological Immunosuppression

Authors: Aceves-Sánchez B et al. | Journal: Open Forum Infect Dis | Date: 2026 Sep
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofag576 | PMID: 42781183

TL;DR: 無HIV且未接受藥物免疫抑制的肺外/播散性TB患者,24個月全因死亡率為18%;心血管疾病、中樞神經侵犯、mycobacteremia及入住ICU皆與死亡獨立相關。

不嘻嘻:沒有典型免疫風險,也拿不到結核的免戰牌。


Disseminated nocardiosis mimicking metastatic malignancy in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis

Authors: Moffa MA et al. | Journal: IDCases | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02767 | PMID: 42780233

TL;DR: 51歲酒精性肝硬化男性因肺部腫塊及多發腦部環狀增強病灶,誤診為轉移性惡性腫瘤並接受治療;死後解剖確診播散性nocardiosis,凸顯早期切片與培養的重要性。

不嘻嘻:影像太會說故事,感染科還是得等病原出庭。


Endobronchial typical carcinoid with secondary Aspergillus fumigatus colonization: Avoiding a diagnostic pitfall in bronchoscopic biopsy

Authors: Gupta Y et al. | Journal: Int Cancer Conf J | Date: 2026 Oct
DOI: 10.1007/s13691-026-00912-z | PMID: 42780969

TL;DR: 55歲免疫功能正常女性的支氣管腫塊為typical carcinoid,合併A. fumigatus colonization;菌絲侷限壞死碎屑,未見組織侵犯。

嘻嘻:切片裡有房客,不代表房客就是縱火犯。


Neurological complication burden and in-hospital mortality in non-HIV tuberculous meningitis across the lifespan: a retrospective cohort study

Authors: Zhou Y et al. | Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1895708 | PMID: 42780562

TL;DR: 1,574例非HIV的TBM患者住院死亡率11.9%;神經併發症由0項增至≥3項,死亡率由8.8%升至34.5%。此為住院期間嚴重度指標,非基線預測模型。

不嘻嘻:併發症一路疊加,查房的心情也一路往下。


Defective IL-17 production is associated with reduced IL-1β levels in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV+ children with latent tuberculosis infection

Authors: Devalraju KP et al. | Journal: Front Immunol | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1784204 | PMID: 42780500

TL;DR: HIV合併LTBI兒童的PBMCs受Mtb抗原刺激後,IL-17與IL-1β分泌較少;體外補充IL-17可增加IL-1β等分泌,尚待評估臨床應用。

嘻嘻:免疫對話似乎還接得回來,先替培養皿裡的進展鼓掌。


Clofazimine pharmacokinetics in novel rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis regimens: an analysis of the endTB and endTB-Q trials

Authors: Ngara B et al. | Journal: medRxiv | Date: 2026 Sep 20
DOI: 10.64898/2026.09.18.26363422 | PMID: 42780321

TL;DR: 100名患者的模型估計顯示,clofazimine治療9個月後,體內仍留存中位2.5年;delamanid併用、HIV及糖尿病與暴露量差異相關,尚不足以據此調整劑量。

不嘻嘻:處方可以結束,身體裡的租約可沒那麼好退。


Tracking the evolution of tuberculosis research priorities in Africa: a longitudinal bibliometric analysis from 2003-2023

Authors: Adelabu OA et al. | Journal: Front Res Metr Anal | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.3389/frma.2026.1931249 | PMID: 42780236

TL;DR: 2003–2023年非洲TB相關文獻共納入8,181篇,發表量持續增加;南非的產出與引用最多,主題聚焦HIV共感染及抗藥性,但區域產出與合作仍不均衡。

不嘻嘻:論文越堆越高,研究資源的座位表還是很偏心。


A protective hybrid protein vaccine informed by mapping major histocompatibility class II epitopes in Cryptococcus neoformans chitin deacetylases that stimulate CD4 + T cell responses

Authors: Specht CA et al. | Journal: bioRxiv | Date: 2026 Sep 14
DOI: 10.64898/2026.09.07.749995 | PMID: 42779602

TL;DR: 依CD4+ T cell epitope設計的Cda2/1蛋白疫苗搭配CAF01,可保護DR4小鼠抵抗致死性C. neoformans肺部感染;仍屬動物概念驗證。

嘻嘻:真菌疫苗終於有點盼頭,先替小鼠這一關鼓掌。


Evaluating Risk of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease Among Adolescents Who Are HIV-exposed Uninfected in Botswana

Authors: Dubois MM et al. | Journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J | Date: 2026 Sep 24
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000005416 | PMID: 42778983

TL;DR: 波札那50名青少年中,25名HIV暴露但未感染者的QuantiFERON陽性率為12%,另25名未暴露者為0%;樣本小,風險差異仍需較大型研究確認。

不嘻嘻:訊號值得追,統計底氣還得等更多人來撐場。


Cardiac tamponade caused by effusive-constrictive pericarditis in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency: a case report

Authors: Khan A et al. | Journal: Int J Emerg Med | Date: 2026 Sep 23
DOI: 10.1186/s12245-026-01381-0 | PMID: 42778885

TL;DR: 17歲CVID男性發生ECP併心包填塞,緊急引流320 mL後仍有收縮性生理表現;經支持療法、IVIG及營養治療逐步改善,未接受心包切除術。

嘻嘻:驚險病例迎來轉機,這次終於能鬆一口氣。


Surgical Treatment for Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Thirty-Year Single-Center Experience and the Contemporary Role of Surgery

Authors: Miyazaki T et al. | Journal: Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.5761/atcs.oa.26-00151 | PMID: 42778392

TL;DR: 57例肺部aspergillosis手術患者中,後期手術時間由350降至250分鐘,失血量由750降至178 mL;重大術後併發症與整體存活無顯著差異。

嘻嘻:手術功夫有進步,長期成績先不急著開香檳。


EBV-reactive KIR+ CX3CR1+ CD8+ T cells mediate liver transplantation tolerance

Authors: Liu Y et al. | Journal: J Hepatol | Date: 2026 Sep 23
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2026.09.004 | PMID: 42777954

TL;DR: EBV胜肽經HLA-E呈現,可促使KIR+ CX3CR1+ CD8+ T細胞清除同種異體反應性CD4+ T細胞;20人停藥試驗提示相關細胞比例可能辨識肝移植耐受者。

嘻嘻:老對手竟可能幫忙維持和平,免疫學又有新劇情。


Steroid-sparing strategies in respiratory diseases: efficacy and safety of current therapeutic options

Authors: Gadzała M et al. | Journal: Pulm Pharmacol Ther | Date: 2026 Sep 23
DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2026.102451 | PMID: 42777937

TL;DR: 呼吸道疾病的steroid-sparing療法可減少全身性GCs暴露,但療效、證據強度與安全性不一;替代療法亦有毒性,應兼顧長期疾病控制與整體治療風險。

不嘻嘻:類固醇帳單少一點,替代方案也不是免刷卡。


🟢 One Health / Zoonoses

The anthropogenic fingerprint on emerging infectious diseases

Authors: Gibb R et al. | Journal: Nature | Date: 2026 Sep 23
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-11058-6 | PMID: 42778602

TL;DR: 32種疾病、58,319筆outbreak紀錄顯示,風險常在人畜與破碎森林交錯處最高;距醫療設施每多1小時車程,通報減少中位32%,凸顯偵測與通報偏差。

不嘻嘻:人類忙著改造環境,感染科忙著接售後服務。


Molecular detection and phylogenetic characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Slovakia

Authors: Hudáková K et al. | Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1890676 | PMID: 42780419

TL;DR: 斯洛伐克76隻棕熊中,8隻檢出 A. phagocytophilum(10.53%);菌株歸入已知歐洲lineages,但棕熊在傳播循環中的角色仍待確認。

嘻嘻:熊也加入監測名單,森林裡的流行病學又多一塊拼圖。


Clinical outcomes and safety of tocilizumab in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: a retrospective multicenter cohort study

Authors: Hu Q et al. | Journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1894849 | PMID: 42780045

TL;DR: 833例SFTS中,tocilizumab於PSM後與較高康復率相關(76.61%比67.70%),住院死亡率差異未達顯著;回溯資料不足以證實安全性。

嘻嘻:終於看到一點曙光,先把香檳留給隨機試驗。


The rare and the common: habitat suitability and niche segregation of Anopheles algeriensis (Theobald, 1903) and Anopheles claviger s.s. (Meigen, 1804) in North-German peatlands is shaped by distinct landscape-weather interactions

Authors: Gutjahr P et al. | Journal: Parasit Vectors | Date: 2026 Sep 23
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-026-07612-w | PMID: 42778949

TL;DR: 德國15處採樣點連續兩季捕獲278隻An. algeriensis及950隻An. claviger s.s.,分別以濕泥炭地與聚落最多;氣候關聯隨棲地而異。

嘻嘻:蚊子挑房也看地段,防蚊總算多了點在地情報。


Functional mechanism of SptP from Salmonella Typhimurium in modulating environmental adaptability, intracellular proliferation and intestinal inflammation in Wenchang chickens

Authors: Fu M et al. | Journal: Vet Microbiol | Date: 2026 Sep 20
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.111221 | PMID: 42777575

TL;DR: S. Typhimurium的SptP促進抗壓、細胞內增殖與腸道屏障損傷;刪除sptP可降低文昌雞感染毒力,迴腸另辨識出126個差異表現基因。

嘻嘻:找到病原的作案工具,接下來看能不能成功拆除。


Epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention of animal bites injuries in Slovakia: an 18-year epidemiological analysis

Authors: Gharaibeh A et al. | Journal: Front Public Health | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1868624 | PMID: 42780750

TL;DR: 斯洛伐克2006–2023年14,978例動物暴露就醫紀錄中,78.9%涉及犬隻;咬傷發生率長期下降,但2022–2023年解封後增加50%,以男性為主。

不嘻嘻:人類恢復社交,我們的傷口評估業務也跟著復甦。


Molecular detection and culture of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in pasteurized and raw retail milk in Kampala, Uganda

Authors: Ssekitoleko J et al. | Journal: Front Public Health | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1931886 | PMID: 42780288

TL;DR: 烏干達坎帕拉772份零售乳品中,2.3%檢出MAP DNA,巴氏殺菌乳與生乳檢出率相同;僅1份生乳培養出活菌,不能據此認定巴氏殺菌乳含活菌。

不嘻嘻:一杯奶喝出判讀考題,感染科連早餐都像在晨會。


High fidelity wastewater surveillance as an early warning tool for diphtheria in the German Ruhr metropolitan area

Authors: Block K et al. | Journal: Front Public Health | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1891655 | PMID: 42774196

TL;DR: 德國魯爾區160份環境樣本中,18份檢出tox訊號,15份經PCR確認、14份經定序確認;僅一次與臨床病例時空吻合,支持作為警示訊號,尚非確證。

嘻嘻:下水道開始值哨,警報響了還得派人查證。


In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of azithromycin against the larvae of Echinococcus multilocularis

Authors: Liao X et al. | Journal: Acta Trop | Date: 2026 Sep 23
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.108335 | PMID: 42778122

TL;DR: azithromycin在體外降低 E. multilocularis 幼蟲存活,並伴隨葡萄糖代謝受阻、氧化壓力及ferroptosis相關變化;尚無臨床療效證據。

嘻嘻:老藥投了新職缺,先等動物試驗通知下一關。


Molecular detection of Trypanosoma lewisi: association between Xenopsylla cheopis and Rattus spp. in densely populated residential areas

Authors: Wardhana AH et al. | Journal: Acta Trop | Date: 2026 Sep 23
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.108329 | PMID: 42778121

TL;DR: 印尼捕獲152隻鼠,T. lewisi於鼠及蚤的感染率分別為23.68%與71.91%;89隻帶蚤鼠中,46隻血液陰性卻攜帶陽性蚤,支持整合監測。

不嘻嘻:查完房東還得查房客,病媒監測果然不能只敲一扇門。


🟡 Food Security / Food Safety

Global management of saline soils to boost crop yields and halve nitrogen losses

Authors: Wen W et al. | Journal: Nat Food | Date: 2026 Sep 23
DOI: 10.1038/s43016-026-01428-8 | PMID: 42778644

TL;DR: 全球鹽化農地的氮投入增加13%、收穫帶走的氮減少7%,反應性氮流失增加61%;綜合十類管理措施估計,每年可減少59%氮流失,並提高作物產量。

嘻嘻:土地也有機會少漏多收,這份處方值得到田裡驗證。


High-sensitivity detection of thiram by collaborative enhancement of surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates based on Ti3C2Tx-supported nanocomposites inlaid with four-concave-faced hollow silver nanocubes

Authors: Huang H et al. | Journal: Food Chem | Date: 2026 Sep 20
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.151168 | PMID: 42777639

TL;DR: Ti3C2Tx支撐的四凹面中空銀奈米立方體可增強thiram的SERS訊號,增強因子達3.75×10⁶,偵測極限為3×10⁻¹¹ mol/L,並改善訊號均勻性。

嘻嘻:檢驗工具又練成鷹眼,期待真實樣本也能接得住。


Isolation and Identification of Gas-Producing Spoilage Bacteria in Wasabi Sauce and Effective Methods for Controlling Their Growth

Authors: Liu X et al. | Journal: Food Sci Nutr | Date: 2026 Sep
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.71750 | PMID: 42781410

TL;DR: 山葵醬產氣腐敗菌為 B. licheniformis QJL3,55°C處理10分鐘仍可存活;培養液中8%鹽可抑制生長,potassium sorbate的MIC為0.2 mg/mL。

不嘻嘻:我被山葵嗆到流淚,細菌卻在裡面開派對。


Occurrence and Genomic Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes ST121 in Animal-Derived Food Samples from Bejaïa, Algeria

Authors: Mairi A et al. | Journal: Foodborne Pathog Dis | Date: 2026 Sep 24
DOI: 10.1177/15353141261489403 | PMID: 42779362

TL;DR: 阿爾及利亞553份動物性食品中,22份檢出 L. monocytogenes(4%),全屬ST121;未見後天取得的抗藥性基因,均帶有inlA截短變異。

不嘻嘻:食安巡房又遇到老面孔,我的交班名單始終清不完。


Nanopriming and Nanocoating as a Next-Generation Seed Treatment for Enhanced Plant Growth and Pathogen Resistance

Authors: Oribhabor OG et al. | Journal: Plant Environ Interact | Date: 2026 Oct
DOI: 10.1002/pei3.70213 | PMID: 42781432

TL;DR: 奈米浸種與包衣可能促進種子吸水、養分吸收及萌芽,並抑制種子攜帶的病原;但效果受奈米粒子種類、植物與環境影響,作用機轉及田間試驗證據仍有限。

嘻嘻:種子也有新裝備,能否撐過田間考驗才是重點。


Do children in food-insecure households in England access free school meals? A cross-sectional analysis of the UK Family Resources Survey

Authors: Arnold R et al. | Journal: BMJ Public Health | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.1136/bmjph-2025-004455 | PMID: 42781064

TL;DR: 英格蘭6,563名兒童調查中,糧食不安全者70.6%未領免費校餐,其中80.2%不符資格;模型估計2026年資格放寬後,仍有44.5%不符資格。

不嘻嘻:肚子不會審資格,制度卻先請孩子補件。


Enhancing the preservation of chicken breast using a curdlan/BSA gel interacted with citrus flavonoids: Interaction mode and dual-component protection

Authors: Salah M et al. | Journal: Food Chem X | Date: 2026 Oct
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104426 | PMID: 42781016

TL;DR: BSA-Cn-Fs-9 凝膠用於雞胸肉可抑制微生物生長、維持 pH 6.5,並減少脂質氧化(TBRAS 0.29 mg/kg),具食品保鮮潛力。

嘻嘻:雞胸肉也有保護罩,備餐族值得敲碗後續研究。


Effect of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Pretreatments on the Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties of Sage Extracts

Authors: Plazzotta S et al. | Journal: Int J Food Sci | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.1155/ijfo/3565398 | PMID: 42780892

TL;DR: PEF 增加乾燥鼠尾草的酚類萃取量,乾燥萃取物對革蘭氏陽性菌的抑制通常較強;所有萃取物均未抑制 E. coli 或 Salmonella enterica。

不嘻嘻:香草離抗菌救援投手,還有好幾局要練。


Underweight Among Children Aged 6-59 Months in Transformed and Nontransformed Districts of East Gojjam, Ethiopia: A Community-Based Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Authors: Mekonnen BA et al. | Journal: J Nutr Metab | Date: 2026
DOI: 10.1155/jnme/9041634 | PMID: 42780570

TL;DR: 衣索比亞 627 名幼兒體重過輕比例為 22.7%;非轉型區與轉型區分別為 27.7% 與 17.8%,差異未達統計顯著,調整後轉型狀態亦無獨立關聯。

不嘻嘻:想替政策拍手,統計先請我把手放下。


In planta fluxapyroxad gradients from seed treatment differentially select fungicide-sensitive and reduced-sensitive genotypes of Pyrenophora teres f. maculata

Authors: Singh A et al. | Journal: Pest Manag Sci | Date: 2026 Sep 23
DOI: 10.1002/ps.71340 | PMID: 42779150

TL;DR: 大麥種子施用 fluxapyroxad 後,各葉片形成濃度梯度,與病害嚴重度及病原基因型比例相關;局部濃度對敏感與敏感性降低的基因型產生不同選擇作用。

不嘻嘻:連麥田都在上抗藥性課,我們還不能翹課。


資料來源:PubMed (articles retrieved 2026-09-25)